Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Hydrogen Cyanamide in Promoting Flower Bud Break in Blueberry

Bud dormancy of deciduous fruit trees is a complex process that allows to survive long periods in adverse conditions during winter. Dormancy major obstacle for both production mild winter areas and off-season culture protection facilities. It very economically advantageous be able control the time point bud break consequently harvest crops with high returns short seasons like blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2 (HC)) treatment an effective method promote release synchronize perennial trees, including blueberry. However, there are few systematic studies metabolic changes occur HC-induced breaking. In this study, metabolome buds under forced following HC water (control) was analyzed using gas chromatography paired time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOFMS) technology. A total 252 metabolites were identified 16 differential (VIP > 1, p < 0.05) detected. The levels several soluble sugars (fructose, glucose, maltose), organic acids (citric acid, alpha-ketoglutaric, succinic acid), amino (aspartic glutamic phenylalanine) upregulated, while tyrosine, tryptophan, asparagine significantly downregulated HC-treated when compared buds. synthesis accumulation phenylpropanoids (salicin, 4-vinylphenol, neohesperidin) also promoted by HC. These results suggest alteration carbohydrate acid metabolism, tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle increase, phenylpropanoid crucial HC-promoted breaking This research extends our understanding mechanisms involved induced provides theoretical basis applying accelerate break.